ASTRO SPACE NEWS

A DIVISION OF MID NORTH COAST ASTRONOMY (NSW)

(ASTRO) DAVE RENEKE

SPACE WRITER - MEDIA PERSONALITY - SCIENCE CORRESPONDENT ABC/COMMERCIAL RADIO - LECTURER - ASTRONOMY OUTREACH PROGRAMS - ASTRONOMY TOUR GUIDE - TELESCOPE SALES/SERVICE/LESSONS - MID NORTH COAST ASTRONOMY GROUP (Est. 2002)   Enquiries: (02) 6585 2260       Mobile: 0400 636 363        Email: davereneke@gmail.com

Presented by renowned astronomer and media personality, Dave Reneke, the evening will start with a breathtaking Secrets of the Universe slideshow, where Dave will take you on an unforgettable journey through the night sky. In simple terms, Dave will explain the hidden stories of the stars, constellations, and planets, making it an ideal experience for all ages. After the presentation, take a break and head to the top deck for an interactive laser-guided sky tour. Dave will use a high-powered laser to highlight the major stars, constellations, and planets visible that night, offering insights you won't find in any ordinary stargazing session.

Plus, binoculars will be provided, so you can get a closer look at the wonders above. As you cruise, be sure to keep an eye out for dolphins, adding to the magic of the experience. Throughout the evening, you'll also be treated to fascinating Aboriginal Dreamtime stories, connecting the night sky to the rich cultural heritage of the land. To make the night even more fun, join in the space trivia quiz where you could win exciting prizes! Refreshments will be provided, ensuring you stay refreshed while you soak in the stunning views and cosmic wonders....ARE YOU IN A CLUB? Why Not Have A Social Night Out Onboard? It's where the stars meet the sea.

With limited spots available, we encourage you to book early. These unique cruises will run monthly, weather permitting, from Port Macquarie, offering a truly one-of-a-kind experience for all. The vessel is licensed. NO BYO.  BOOK NOW  and secure your spot: https://hubs.ly/Q033t5hm0 or Google 'Port Stargazing Cruises'   ** 2 Hour Cruise. Dolphin spotting incl....Clubs - Sporting groups-Singles -Families.  ENQUIRIES/Bookings ELSA 0434 393 19

     CRUISE DATES:    Friday June 13 @ 6pm               Friday July 11 @6pm

1. Special Offer - Next 6 Bookings 10% Discount Email: Norfolkislandstargazing@gmail.com Or call 0402 335 005

They Went to the Moon for Peanuts: The Surprisingly Low Pay of Apollo Astronauts

Imagine this: you're one of only a dozen humans in history to walk on the Moon. You pilot a spaceship, survive G-forces, dodge cosmic radiation, and bounce across alien dust. Then you come home, file an expense report, and collect… $8 a day. Yep, that's what NASA's finest—the original Moonwalkers—were paid in travel expenses during the Apollo missions.

Moon Men on a Budget: The Apollo 11 Paycheck That Didn't Reach Orbit

In July 1969, the United States pulled off one of the most astonishing feats in human history. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins left Earth strapped to a glorified firework and hurtled through the void to land on the Moon. They planted a flag, made a call to the president, and imprinted a footprint that would never be swept away.

The world watched. History was made. And when the astronauts returned home? They filled out a customs declaration for! Yes, really. Having just traveled 477,800 miles round-trip to a lifeless rock in space, the three spacefarers were asked by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to declare their cargo. The form, dated July 24, 1969, politely requests details of items brought back from their "departure point": listed, without irony, as "Moon." Their declared goods? "Moon rock and Moon dust samples." 

One imagines the agent barely glancing up from his coffee as he asked, "Anything to declare?" while Neil Armstrong, fresh off rewriting human history, declared a handful of pebbles from outer space. But the lunacy didn't end at the lunar luggage claim. NASA, understandably unsure if the Moon might be harboring hostile microbes—or lunar werewolves, who knows—quarantined the crew. For 21 days. In a caravan.

To be fair, it was a very sophisticated caravan, officially known as the Mobile Quarantine Facility. But still: the first humans to walk on another world were locked in an Airstream like interstellar Tupperware. Because, hey, better safe than sorry when you're dealing with possible moon germs. And how handsomely were these cosmic trailblazers compensated for their trouble? Not very.

Neil Armstrong, the first human to set foot on the Moon, earned a salary of $27,401 in 1969—a respectable figure at the time, roughly $230,000 adjusted for inflation. But here's the kicker: for the eight days of the Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong's additional "travel allowance" came to a whopping $17.64. That's about $2.20 a day.

To put that in perspective, he risked his life, survived blastoff, navigated the vacuum of space, landed a spacecraft manually with 30 seconds of fuel remaining, walked on the Moon, and then re-entered Earth's atmosphere—all for less than the price of a movie ticket today.

Buzz Aldrin's per diem wasn't any more generous. His travel voucher included $33.31 for the entire mission, which also included travel days to and from Houston. So if you divide it out, he too made about two dollars a day—for a trip that involved 25 seconds of hanging off a ladder in space before stepping into eternity. They didn't even get frequent flyer miles.

No hazard pay either. No appearance fees. No lunar bonus. Just the standard federal reimbursement for "temporary duty travel" and a pack of freeze-dried scrambled eggs. There were no signing bonuses, no endorsement deals (at least not until much later), and no chance of cashing in their moon boots for stock options. Which makes the paperwork, the quarantine, and the pitiful per diem all the more absurd. One small step for man, one giant mound of red tape for mankind.

Still, the astronauts bore it all with the same quiet resolve they showed in space. Aldrin later joked they should've brought back moon diamonds instead of dust. He wasn't wrong—moon rock fragments today are worth millions. Armstrong could've paid off NASA's entire budget if he'd just slipped a few more samples into his sock. Instead, he went back to teaching engineering.

In the end, that's what makes Apollo 11 so beautifully, bizarrely human. Not just the courage and the science, but the deeply bureaucratic banality wrapped around it. Because even if you've walked on the Moon, the government still expects you to submit your expense report. And don't forget to itemize the moon rocks.

Is Exoplanet K2-18B an Ocean Planet Teeming With Life? 

The Cambridge team, led by Prof Madhusudhan, has detected potential signs of life-related gases (DMS and DMDS) in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18b. However, the findings are still preliminary, with only a three sigma confidence level (99.7%), far short of the five sigma (99.99999%) needed to claim a discovery.

Even if stronger evidence is gathered, it won't definitively prove life exists. Experts like Prof Catherine Heymans caution that these gases could also be produced by unknown geological proceses rather than biology. The team acknowledges this uncertainty and is collaborating with other scientists to test non-biological origins in the lab. They hope to reach higher confidence levels within a year or two.

Meanwhile, the nature of K2-18b itself is still debated—some think it hosts a vast ocean (suggesting habitability), while others propose it's a molten rock world or even a mini gas giant with no surface. All these interpretations are under intense scientific scrutiny, especially using JWST data.

While the research has generated excitement, astronomers like Prof Chris Lintott urge caution, viewing this as one step in a long journey rather than a definitive breakthrough. Prof Madhusudhan remains optimistic, suggesting this moment could eventually be seen as the beginning of humanity's ability to detect life beyond Earth.

In Defence of the Katy Perry Blue Origin Flight

So… Katy Perry went to space. Or at least, near space. And predictably, the internet lit up—some people cheering, others rolling their eyes, calling it a publicity stunt or a millionaire's ego trip. But hang on. Let's look at this through a slightly wider lens—maybe even a telescope. Blue Origin's latest flight wasn't just about a pop star floating weightless in a sparkly suit. It was a tribute, a technological milestone, and—brace yourselves—a peek into the future of space tourism. Yes, that's a thing now.

First, let's talk meaning. The mission was designed to honour women in space—from the likes of Valentina Tereshkova, who became the first woman to leave Earth in 1963, to the many who followed, often with less recognition than they deserved. Putting a high-profile woman like Katy Perry onboard brings attention, sure—but also visibility. It's a reminder that space is for everyone, not just scientists and astronauts.

And second… was it fun? Absolutely. And that's important. Science and exploration don't have to be serious all the time. A bit of showbiz helps the message land—especially with younger generations. If one kid sees that footage and thinks, "Wow, maybe I could go to space someday," that's a win. Now here's where it gets exciting. This wasn't just a one-off joyride. This is a test case for what's coming next: astro-tourism. Think about it—commercial spaceflights, orbital hotels, stargazing above the atmosphere. We're in the early days, like aviation in the 1920s when people paid to fly for the thrill of it. Back then, critics said that was a waste of money, too.

But here's the truth: every frontier starts out looking frivolous. The first car? A toy for the rich. The first plane? A death trap. But give it time—and infrastructure—and suddenly, you've got airports, industries, and half the world flying on holiday. Blue Origin's flights help normalize space travel, test technologies, and—yes—generate headlines that keep investors interested. Because without investment, there is no next step.

So next time a rocket lifts off with a pop star on board, don't scoff too hard. It might look like a spectacle now—but in a few decades, your grandkids could be booking seats next to tourists from Tokyo and Toronto. And who knows? You might be onboard too.

Discover Exoplanets: A NASA Citizen Science Adventure

Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered if there are other worlds out there, just like Earth? What if you could help discover them? Thanks to a unique NASA project, you can!

This exciting opportunity is part of NASA's Universe of Learning, a program designed to make space science accessible to everyone—from curious students to professional scientists. Whether you're just starting to learn about space or you're already a science enthusiast, this project invites you to dive into the world of exoplanets.

What are Exoplanets?

Before we go any further, let's quickly explain what an exoplanet is. Exoplanets are planets that exist outside our solar system. They orbit stars, just like Earth orbits the Sun. But here's the mind-blowing part: there are thousands, maybe even billions, of exoplanets out there, some of which could be similar to Earth. They could have the right conditions to support life, and finding them could answer some of the biggest questions in science.

How Does This NASA Project Work?

This citizen science project invites YOU to help scientists discover and study exoplanets. It doesn't matter if you're a high school student or a professional researcher—NASA's Universe of Learning has made it simple and fun for everyone to participate.

1. Get the Data: You'll start by accessing real data collected by NASA's space telescopes, like the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). This telescope is looking at stars all across the sky, looking for tiny changes in their brightness, which can indicate the presence of an exoplanet.

2. Analyze the Data: You won't just be looking at pictures of space—this is real, scientific data! Using easy-to-use tools and guides, you'll help analyze these patterns to figure out if they're caused by an exoplanet. It's like being a space detective!

3. Contribute to NASA: When you find something interesting, you can submit your findings to NASA's official database. Your work will become part of an ever-growing collection of knowledge about exoplanets, contributing to the search for planets beyond our solar system.

4. Get Recognition: As a participant, your contributions are taken seriously. In fact, if your discoveries are significant enough, they could be mentioned in scientific publications, and you might even receive formal recognition for your work. Imagine seeing your name in a paper that could change our understanding of the universe!

Why Is This Important?

NASA isn't just offering a fun activity—this project is part of a bigger mission to learn more about the universe. The search for exoplanets is one of the most exciting areas of space science. Each exoplanet we discover brings us one step closer to answering age-old questions like: Are we alone in the universe? What other planets could support life? And, of course, how did our own solar system come to be?

Anyone Can Join!

The best part about this project is that anyone can get involved. You don't need to be a scientist to make a real contribution. Whether you're a student looking to explore space science for the first time or a teacher wanting to bring astronomy into the classroom, NASA's Universe of Learning has resources for you. There are simple tools and tutorials that will guide you along the way. And if you're already a professional scientist, there are more advanced options that allow you to dive deeper into the data.

Join the Space Exploration Revolution

By joining this project, you become part of a global community of people who are all working toward one goal: discovering and learning about exoplanets. Every discovery, no matter how small, is a piece of the puzzle that helps us understand the vast and mysterious universe we live in.

So, if you've ever dreamed of being part of something bigger than yourself, this is your chance! Get ready to explore the cosmos, make exciting discoveries, and contribute to real scientific progress. Space is waiting for you. Will you answer the call?

This project isn't just about looking at stars—it's about helping to rewrite the story of our universe, and you can be a part of it. Ready to take the first step? Visit NASA's Universe of Learning and start your exoplanet adventure today!

Get Ready for the Lyrid Meteor Shower!

The Lyrids are back and ready to light up your night sky between April 16–25, with the big show peaking early morning on April 23. Why are they called "Lyrids"? Because these fiery space streaks seem to shoot out from the constellation Lyra—home of the bright star Vega. 

People have been watching this show for over 2,500 years. The Lyrids come from comet Thatcher, which only swings by the Sun every 415 years. When Earth crosses its dusty trail, boom—meteors!

Where to Look:

Face northeast, and look near Vega in Lyra. That's the radiant point—but heads up: meteors can streak across any part of the sky, so don't stare at just one spot like a space statue.

How to find Vega:

Download apps like SkyView Lite or Stellarium, type in "Vega," for get help with directions. A dark spot far away from city lights (the darker, the better—regional spots rule!)  A healthy dose of patience (meteors don't run on schedules) Layers! Yes, Autumn nights can get chilly. More layers = happier stargazer.

Peak viewing times (April 23 2025)

NZ: 1:45 AM NZST - 6:00 AM NZST

TAS: 1:45 AM AEST - 5:50 AM AEST

VIC: 1:00 AM AEST - 6:00 AM AEST

SA: 12:40 AM ACST - 5:50 AM ACST

WA: 12:30 AM AWST - 5:50 AM AWST

ACT: 12:30 AM AEST - 5:45 AM AEST

NSW: 12:15 AM AEST - 5:30 AM AEST

QLD: 12:00 AM AEST - 5:20 AM AEST

NT: 12:00 AM ACST - 6:00 AM ACST

 30 Space Spin-Offs You Probably Used Today"

If you're one of those people who still think the space program is a giant cosmic cash bonfire, allow me to present a few modest rebuttals—thirty of them, in fact. All real. All practical. And all brought to you by the people who gave us moon boots and Martian dreams. Here's a tour of the everyday wonders that owe their existence—either directly or as clever spin-offs—to the space race and beyond.

1. Scratch-Resistant Glasses

Astronauts needed tough visors. You got tougher sunnies. You're welcome.

2. Memory Foam

Originally made to stop astronauts from bouncing around the cabin. Now it's in your bed, cradling your neck while you snore.

3. GPS and Navigation Systems

Without space tech, you'd still be printing directions off MapQuest. Or worse—asking for them.

4. Cordless Tools

NASA needed drills for the Moon. Black & Decker made them cordless. Now you can build IKEA furniture in style.

5. Water Purification Systems

Astronauts had to drink their recycled… let's say "processed" water. The tech now provides clean water in disaster zones.

6. Infrared Ear Thermometers

From scanning spacecraft temps to your child's ear at 3 a.m.—same principle.

7. CAT and MRI Imaging

NASA image-processing technology helped us look inward—literally.

8. Artificial Limbs

Robotics and space-age materials have given thousands better mobility here on Earth.

9. Solar Panels

They were powering satellites long before they were reducing your power bill.

10. Freeze-Dried Food

Lightweight, compact, and strangely satisfying—campers, soldiers, and survivalists rejoice.

11. Baby Formula

NASA's nutritional research led to better formulas with added nutrients like DHA. Who knew space food would feed babies?

12. Fire-Resistant Materials

Developed for spacecraft safety, now helping firefighters, soldiers, and race car drivers survive extreme heat.

13. Satellite Television and Internet

You're probably streaming this article via satellite. Thank the rocket scientists.

14. The DustBuster

That little cordless vacuum started as a moon-drill prototype. Now it lives under your kitchen sink.

15. Smoke Detectors

NASA needed ultra-sensitive detectors. So do we—especially if you cook like me.

16. Weather Satellites

Predicting hurricanes and climate trends with eerie accuracy. Better than licking your finger and holding it to the wind.

17. Aircraft Seats

Memory foam from NASA now helps airline passengers endure turbulence and tiny legroom.

18. Engineering Software

Used to design spacecraft. Now used to build your city's bridges, roller coasters, and high-rises.

19. Insulin Pumps

Miniaturization of medical tech? Straight from the folks who miniaturized satellites.

20. Satellite Crop Monitoring

Farmers use satellite imagery to increase crop yield and reduce waste. That salad didn't grow itself.

21. LASIK Eye Surgery

Space docking tech now guides lasers correcting your vision. Clearer than ever.

22. Athletic Shoe Padding

Shock-absorbent materials from space suits now cushion your morning jog.

23. Aircraft Wing Designs

NASA research helped cut fuel use and noise. Still no cure for the crying baby in 12B.

24. Radiation-Blocking Materials

From spacecraft shielding to protecting hospital staff and nuclear plant workers.

25. Water Bottles

Tough, leak-proof, and BPA-free bottles come from space-grade material research.

26. Portable X-ray Devices

Shrinking electronics for satellites led to handheld medical scanners.

27. Precision Farming

GPS-guided tractors and aerial drones make modern farming a tech-savvy profession.

28. Space Blankets

These shiny thermal sheets reflect body heat—lifesavers at marathons and emergencies.

29. Teflon

While not invented by NASA, Teflon's fame skyrocketed with space suits and gear. Now it keeps your scrambled eggs from sticking.

30. Telemedicine

If you can diagnose an astronaut from 250 miles up, you can help a patient in outback Queensland.

Final Word: Next time someone grumbles about space programs being a waste of money, remind them they probably sat on NASA foam this morning, watched satellite TV last night, and tracked their lost luggage via GPS. Space may be far away—but its impact is very, very local.

Tonight's Pink Moon Is The Tiniest Full Moon Of The Year! 

On Saturday, April 12 and Sunday April 13, look up and catch the full Pink Moon as it climbs above the horizon. This isn't just any full moon – it's also the smallest, farthest, and faintest one of the year. Why? Because it occurs just before the Moon reaches apogee, the point in its orbit when it's farthest from Earth. That makes this a micro-moon – the opposite of the dramatic supermoons we often hear about.

And no… it's not actually pink. The name comes from a spring wildflower called moss phlox, which blooms in bright pink clusters around this time of year in North America. It's also called the Paschal Moon, as it's the first full moon of spring and sets the date of Easter.

For the best view, step outside just after sunset and look toward the horizon. The moon will appear larger and more golden as it rises, thanks to the classic "moon illusion." And if skies are cloudy or you just don't feel like going outside, you can still catch the show! The Virtual Telescope Project is streaming the event live using robotic telescopes in Italy. (just Google that) or try https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECa71AoifHI  

Here's a quick bullet list of the traditional Full Moon names for each month, mostly based on Native American and Colonial American traditions:

• January – Wolf Moon: Named for wolves howling in winter.

• February – Snow Moon: Named for heavy snowfall this time of year.

• March – Worm Moon: Earthworms reappear as the ground thaws.

• April – Pink Moon: Named after early-blooming pink wildflowers.

• May – Flower Moon: Flowers are abundant in spring.

• June – Strawberry Moon: Time to harvest strawberries.

• July – Buck Moon: Bucks start growing new antlers.

• August – Sturgeon Moon: Sturgeon fish are easiest to catch.

• September – Corn Moon (or Harvest Moon, if closest to equinox): Corn is ready for harvest.

• October – Hunter's Moon: Time for hunting and storing food.

• November – Beaver Moon: Time to set beaver traps before the swamps freeze.

• December – Cold Moon: Begins the coldest time of year.

Point Nemo: The Spacecraft Graveyard at the End of the Earth

Far out in the Pacific Ocean lies one of the most isolated and eerie places on our planet — a spot so remote, no human has ever laid eyes on it. This is Point Nemo, a watery wasteland over 2,700 kilometers from the nearest landmass, where even the nearest neighbors are astronauts orbiting overhead. Nicknamed the "spacecraft graveyard," Point Nemo is where our most ambitious machines go to die.

First identified in 1992, this oceanic no-man's-land sits between New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. It's officially known as the "Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility," and for good reason: no ships, no people, and practically no marine life. It's a dead zone — the perfect place to send flaming wrecks from orbit crashing safely into Earth's oceans.

Since the 1970s, this remote point has become the final resting place for nearly 300 decommissioned spacecraft. Satellites, space probes, and even entire space stations have been plunged into these depths — including Russia's Mir space station in 2001. But the biggest and most dramatic burial is yet to come.

In 2031, the mighty International Space Station (ISS) — a 420-ton colossus the size of a football field — will make its final descent. After more than 30 years orbiting Earth, it will be deliberately deorbited in a controlled plunge straight into Point Nemo. This will be a historic moment, the fiery end of a multinational engineering marvel that has hosted astronauts from around the world and orbited Earth over 125,000 times.

Why crash it instead of leaving it up there? Because space is getting dangerously crowded. Over 40,000 human-made objects now circle our planet, from wayward tools to entire defunct satellites. This orbiting junkyard increases the risk of collisions — one wrong bump could trigger a chain reaction of debris known as the Kessler Syndrome, which could trap us on Earth and shut down satellite services for generations.

But returning spacecraft to Earth isn't without challenges. As these giants re-enter the atmosphere, friction causes them to burn, break apart, and in some cases, vaporize entirely. But not everything is destroyed. Heavier components — titanium tanks, steel frames, and engines — can survive the descent. That's why space agencies aim for Point Nemo: it's far from human habitation, air routes, and shipping lanes. It offers the widest, safest area to send these dangerous remains.

Still, questions remain. Is it safe to dump metal into the sea? In this case, surprisingly, yes. Point Nemo is one of the most lifeless areas of the ocean. Thanks to weak currents, scorching UV rays, and a severe lack of nutrients, it supports almost no marine life. A 2019 study found it had the lowest levels of microbes ever recorded in surface waters. So, while it's not an ideal solution, it's the least harmful option we have — for now.

Yet, even this ghostly graveyard has its mysteries. Tiny fragments of spacecraft have been found high in Earth's atmosphere, possibly polluting skies before they ever reach the sea. It's a reminder that while we may be solving one problem — cleaning up space — we must be careful not to create another.

So next time you look up at the stars, remember: when the lights go out on the ISS, it won't vanish into the void. It will return to Earth in a blaze of fire and metal, plunging into the dark, forgotten waters of Point Nemo — the loneliest place on Earth, where space history sinks into silence.

All Aboard The Fantastic Space Elevator! Is It Real?

Imagine a super-tall elevator, not stopping at any floor, but reaching into space! That's the basic idea of a space elevator, a theoretical structure that would allow us to travel to space without needing rockets and their costly fuel. It's not just science fiction; physicists and engineers are actively exploring the possibility of building one. 

The theory behind a space elevator is elegant. Imagine a giant cable, one end anchored to Earth near the equator, and the other end held in orbit by a counterweight. As the Earth rotates, the counterweight would experience centrifugal force, essentially pushing the cable out into space. Climbers would travel up the cable, eventually reaching orbit, powered by solar energy or other methods. 

So, is it possible? While not yet built, the concept has gained traction due to advancements in materials science and the potential for significantly reduced space travel costs. New materials like carbon nanotubes are being explored, offering high tensile strength and the possibility of withstanding the immense forces exerted on the cable. But how far are we from seeing a space elevator in action? 

While there are no immediate plans for construction, some companies are actively pursuing the technology and have made some progress in developing materials and design ideas. The Obayashi Corporation, a Japanese construction company, had plans for a space elevator by 2025, but those plans have reportedly been delayed. 

However, the idea continues to inspire and push the boundaries of what's possible in space exploration. One of the most significant advantages of a space elevator is its potential to drastically reduce the cost of space travel, making it more accessible to a wider range of users. 

In the future, a space elevator could revolutionize space tourism, scientific research, and even resource utilization in space, opening up new possibilities for human exploration and development. While still a long-term goal, the idea of a space elevator continues to captivate our imaginations and drive innovation.  

Astronauts can survive a trip to Mars, but one critical internal organ will likely fail 

Astronauts could survive a Mars mission, but their kidneys are at serious risk. Recent studies highlight how space travel, particularly extended missions beyond Earth's protective magnetic field, can damage kidneys, increasing the likelihood of issues like kidney stones and long-term organ damage.

A study led by Dr. Keith Siew from UCL, involving over 40 institutions worldwide, analyzed kidney health from 20 research groups and space missions. It revealed that spaceflight, especially exposure to galactic cosmic radiation, alters kidney function and can cause permanent damage. While astronauts in Low Earth orbit are shielded by Earth's magnetic field, those on missions beyond this range face radiation levels that can harm organs over time. This type of radiation is difficult to block with current shielding technologies.

One key finding was that kidney tubules, which regulate the balance of vital minerals like calcium and salts, shrink after just a month in space. The kidneys also become more likely to form stones, a concern previously thought to be primarily caused by bone loss. Longer missions, such as those to Mars, could exacerbate these issues due to the cumulative effects of radiation exposure over time.

The study also involved simulations where mice were exposed to radiation that mimicked up to 2.5 years of deep-space travel, showing irreversible kidney damage. Without new protective measures, astronauts could require dialysis during or after a Mars mission. Experts stress that kidney damage from radiation is gradual and may not show symptoms until it's too late, potentially jeopardizing a mission's success.

This research underscores the need to better understand how to protect kidneys during deep-space travel and points to the potential for developing new technologies or medications that could benefit both astronauts and patients on Earth, such as cancer patients who need higher doses of radiation therapy. The study also suggests that understanding and addressing the combined effects of microgravity and radiation is crucial for ensuring astronauts' health during long-duration space missions.

The study marks an important step toward addressing kidney risks for longer space missions, with solutions potentially extending beyond space exploration to improve health care here on Earth. By identifying these risks, scientists can begin to develop strategies to protect astronauts' kidneys and maintain crew health on future missions to Mars and beyond.

Have We Found Spock's Home Planet?

Imagine a galaxy far, far away where pointy-eared aliens roam. For fans of "Star Trek," that world is none other than Spock's legendary home, Vulcan. But did you know that a touch of cosmic coincidence has brought us tantalizingly close to Spock's fictional home?

Gene Roddenberry, the visionary behind "Star Trek," once speculated that Vulcan might orbit a star named 40 Eridani A. Fast forward to today, and his hunch has proven almost eerily accurate! Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered a planet orbiting that same star, which is a mere 10.5 light-years away. To put that in perspective, it's roughly 100 trillion kilometres—a vast distance, but surprisingly close in cosmic terms.

Epsilon Eridani, a youngish star, sits in the middle of a swirling disc of cosmic debris. This disc shows us how planets, including our own, come to be. They form by millions of small bits fusing together to form a much larger round world, just like ours. It's a bit like seeing a snapshot of our Solar System's early days!

Here's where it gets thrilling: if Epsilon Eridani's planet has conditions similar to Earth, including the potential for liquid water, it could be a prime candidate for life! The notion that beings on a planet just a stone's throw away might resemble us, albeit with a more intriguing ear structure, is nothing short of exhilarating.

Astronomers stumbled upon this fabled world ' Vulcan' using the 50-inch telescope atop Mount Lemmon in southern Arizona. They detected the planet by observing the subtle 'wobble' in the planet as it revolved around its parent Sun. Hey, next time you gaze at the night sky and spot 40 Eridani, imagine this, you could be looking at Spock's home!

But the "Star Trek" magic doesn't end there. In a beautifully poetic twist, the ashes of the show's creator, Gene Roddenberry, his wife, and other beloved cast members, including James Doohan (Scotty), DeForest Kelley (Bones), and Leonard Nimoy (Spock), were sent on an extraordinary final voyage. They formed part of a space burial flight by a company called Celestis, aptly named the "Enterprise Flight," which last year sent their ashes on a cosmic journey to orbit the Sun - a final tribute 330 million kilometres from Earth.

And, how about this! In a real "beam me up" moment, these remains launched into space aboard a rocket named 'Vulcan.' True! Trekkie fans worldwide requested this homage to their beloved characters, and even Nichelle Nichols, who played the pioneering Lt. Uhura joined her Starfleet comrades for this celestial send-off. Nichols, who passed away in July 2022, broke barriers as the first Black woman in a leading TV role in the groundbreaking series that first aired in 1966.

As we've now honoured our "Star Trek" heroes in a strange but fitting fashion, it's a poignant reminder of how science fiction and reality can intertwine in the most unexpected and wondrous ways. So next time you look up at the stars, remember that the adventure of "Star Trek" is not just confined to our screens. The legacy of Gene Roddenberry and his iconic characters will soon be etched in the cosmic tapestry, reminding us all to boldly go where no one has gone before—both in imagination and in reality.

Katy Perry to Train in Zero-Gravity for Historic Blue Origin Space Flight  aboard New Shepard

In a groundbreaking moment for both space exploration and gender equality, six incredible women, including pop sensation Katy Perry and renowned TV anchor Gayle King, are preparing to embark on an unforgettable journey beyond Earth's atmosphere marking a significant step in the pursuit of space tourism, and offering a chance to break barriers in the male-dominated world of space exploration.

In a move that's bound to get both space buffs and pop fans buzzing, Katy Perry is set to undergo zero-gravity training for her upcoming Blue Origin spaceflight. Yes, the woman who once sang about kissing girls and roaring through breakups is now prepping to float weightlessly above Earth. It's not a music video. It's real.

Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket, the pride of Jeff Bezos' space ambitions, has already flown notable passengers like William Shatner and Michael Strahan. Now it's Perry's turn to step into the capsule and into the history books. If the schedule holds, she'll become the first global pop icon to ride the rocket—and possibly the only passenger with a wardrobe designed for both zero-G and Instagram.

Before the flight, Perry will undergo a crash course in space travel—literally. Part of her training involves flights aboard the infamous "Vomit Comet," a plane that simulates weightlessness in short bursts by flying parabolic arcs. She'll also experience the crushing G-forces of launch and re-entry, and learn the all-important skill of not panicking in a sealed capsule shooting 100 km straight up.

But Perry's interest in space isn't as out-of-the-blue as it might seem. Her videos often feature cosmic themes, and she's spoken in interviews about her fascination with the universe. This flight, then, is more than a PR stunt—it's a personal passion project.

Still, some critics see celebrity flights as a distraction from real science. After all, it's not exactly Apollo 13. But in fairness, every star who steps into that capsule shines a little more light on space exploration. When William Shatner flew, it wasn't about science—it was about emotion. When Perry flies, it will be about inspiration, visibility, and, let's be honest, fantastic streaming numbers.

Blue Origin, for its part, is pushing hard to keep its program in the headlines. Following a brief grounding in 2022 due to a booster issue, flights resumed last year. Perry's trip comes at a time when private spaceflight is pivoting from novelty to normalcy, and celebrities are the front-line ambassadors.

Perry's seat is believed to be sponsored, or at least heavily subsidised—she won't be queuing up at the ticket counter with frequent flyer points—but it's still a reminder that space is slowly, if unevenly, opening up.

So will Katy Perry emerge from her flight with a new single titled Weightless, or perhaps Cosmic Kiss? Only time will tell. What's certain is that a new kind of space race is underway—one where fame, fortune, and fascination intersect 100 kilometres above sea level.

As Perry herself once sang: "Baby, you're a firework." Turns out, now she's actually riding one.

Apollo 11: Myths vs. Reality

The Apollo 11 mission is packed with legendary moments, but over the years, myths have crept in alongside the facts. Let's separate reality from fiction regarding Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's salaries, firearms, and those infamous "suicide pills."

How Much Were Armstrong and Aldrin Paid?

Despite being part of one of the greatest human achievements, neither Armstrong nor Aldrin received a mission-specific bonus for landing on the Moon. Instead, their pay was based on their military rank and time served in NASA.

• Neil Armstrong (Commander, civilian test pilot) – His NASA salary was around $27,000 per year, which is about $220,000 in today's money.

• Buzz Aldrin (Lunar Module Pilot, Air Force Colonel) – Earned roughly $18,600 annually, about $150,000 today.

Michael Collins, the forgotten third member orbiting the Moon in the Command Module, was also on a similar government pay scale. Compared to what modern astronauts earn—or even what top YouTubers make today—these figures seem modest for men who risked their lives in uncharted territory.

Did They Pack a Gun?

Yes, but not for the reason you might think. While Hollywood loves a good alien-blasting subplot, the real reason Apollo astronauts carried a firearm had nothing to do with extraterrestrial threats.

A modified .38-caliber M1911 survival pistol was standard in the Apollo-era survival kit. However, it wasn't taken to the Moon—it was part of the emergency gear in the Command Module, intended for use if they crash-landed somewhere remote on Earth. The main concern? Hostile wildlife in case of a splashdown gone wrong. Soviet cosmonauts carried similar weapons, even upgrading to a three-barreled survival gun after a 1965 incident where they landed in Siberia and had to fend off wolves.

Did NASA Issue Suicide Pills?

This is pure myth. There were no cyanide capsules or "suicide pills" onboard Apollo 11 or any other NASA mission. If something went wrong on the Moon, Armstrong and Aldrin were expected to do what astronauts always do—try to fix it.

However, mission planners were aware of the grim reality. President Nixon even had a pre-written speech ready in case the astronauts were stranded: "Fate has ordained that the men who went to the Moon to explore in peace will stay on the Moon to rest in peace…"

The closest thing to a last-resort measure was a strict communications protocol. If the astronauts were doomed, NASA planned to cut off public communications and leave only a one-way private channel open for their final moments.

Little-Known Apollo 11 Facts

• Armstrong's Heart Rate Spiked at 150 BPM

Despite his famously cool demeanor, Armstrong's heart rate shot up to 150 beats per minute during the lunar landing. Even for a test pilot, this was high-stakes flying—with just 17 seconds of fuel left, he had to manually guide the Lunar Module away from a field of boulders to a safe landing.

• The Moon Dust Smelled Like Gunpowder

After tracking Moon dust into the cabin, both astronauts noticed an odd scent. Aldrin described it as "burnt gunpowder." Scientists still aren't sure why, since lunar regolith has no chemical resemblance to gunpowder.

• They Nearly Got Stuck on the Moon

After a long day exploring, Aldrin accidentally snapped the ascent engine's circuit breaker, the switch needed to launch them back to orbit. With no way to restart it manually, he improvised by using a felt-tip pen to jam the switch back into place. If that hadn't worked… well, Nixon's speech would have come in handy.

• Buzz Aldrin Took Communion on the Moon

Right after landing, Aldrin privately took communion using a small wafer and wine, becoming the first person to consume food and drink on another celestial body. NASA kept it quiet due to legal battles over religious activities in space (thanks to a prior lawsuit over Apollo 8's Bible reading).

• Michael Collins Was "The Loneliest Human"

While Armstrong and Aldrin were on the surface, Collins orbited the Moon alone in the Command Module. At one point, he was 3,600 km away from any other human being, making him arguably the most isolated person in history. His autobiography? Fittingly titled Carrying the Fire.

Final Thought

Apollo 11 was a mission where fact is often stranger than fiction. No guns for Moon monsters, no poison pills, but plenty of last-minute saves, near-disasters, and a few truly weird moments that cemented it as one of the greatest achievements in history.

What Happens When You Get Sick In Space?

The dream of space tourism is rapidly becoming a reality, but it's not all stars and sparkles. Recently, two astronauts found themselves stranded in space for much longer than expected, showing just how quickly things can go wrong up there. Space travel might seem like a thrilling adventure, but when it comes to sending private citizens into the great unknown, we have to ask: What happens when things go wrong?

Space tourism is soaring to new heights, thanks to companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, Boeing, and Virgin Galactic. In fact, the International Space Station (ISS) welcomed its first private crew in early 2024, with three tourists shelling out a whopping $55 million each for an eight-day stay. But with the increasing number of people venturing into space, the potential for mishaps also rises.

In the history of human space travel, eighteen lives have been lost, but the stakes are even higher when you throw private tourists into the mix. Unlike astronauts, who undergo rigorous medical exams, space tourists might not meet the same health standards, especially if they're older. As of now, there are no official health criteria for space tourists, and that's a huge cause for concern.

Imagine this: You're cruising along in space, and suddenly someone falls seriously ill. The ISS's medical kit is more "basic first aid" than "fully equipped ER"—with just the essentials: bandages, a defibrillator, and a portable ultrasound. And that's it. So, what happens if a medical emergency arises? Well, in a worst-case scenario, the crew would rely on whatever training they've received but beyond that, there's little to be done. There's no time for doctors on board! Getting an ailing tourist back to Earth quickly is easier said than done.

And let's face it—space is a dangerous place. Microgravity, radiation, and G-forces can wreak havoc on the human body. The risk of health issues skyrockets, and space tourism companies aren't exactly prepared for emergencies, especially when flights are only expected to last a few minutes. In fact, no one even knows what would happen to a passenger's body if they were to die on a flight. You can't just "dump" the body into space (as tempting as that might sound in a sci-fi movie).

Enter the "Body Back" concept—a collaboration between NASA and green burial company Promessa. The idea? After a person dies in space, their body is sealed in an airtight bag and exposed to the freezing vacuum of space. Afterward, the body is brought back inside, shaken until it shatters, turning it into about 50 pounds of human dust. It's a novel solution, but it hardly addresses the bigger problem: a total lack of regulations, health checks, and protections for paying space tourists.

As exciting as space tourism is, there's still a lot to figure out before we send passengers on interstellar vacations. Until then, let's hope that future space tourists are ready to face the cosmic dangers that come with their adventure—because space, as it turns out, is still as wild as it is wonderful.

Exoplanet 'Baby Pictures' Reveal Exomoons Possibly Taking Shape Around Infant Worlds 

Astronomers have recently captured unprecedented images of two infant planets, PDS 70 b and PDS 70 c, orbiting the young star PDS 70, located approximately 370 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. These protoplanets are surrounded by disks of gas and dust, suggesting the potential formation of exomoons. The discovery is groundbreaking, offering an extraordinary opportunity to witness the early processes of moon formation, something that has only been theorized until now.

Astronomers prepare for once-in-a-lifetime event: A 'new star' in the night sky

Astronomers are gearing up for a once-in-a-lifetime event: a nova that will briefly appear as a "new star" in the night sky. This rare phenomenon, which has not erupted in 80 years, will be observed in unprecedented detail using a variety of space-based and ground-based telescopes. These include the Fermi, James Webb, Swift, and INTEGRAL space telescopes, along with the Very Large Array in New Mexico. Together, they will capture the nova across multiple wavelengths, offering an extraordinary opportunity to study this cosmic event in depth.

A stellar nova is a sudden, dramatic increase in a star's brightness caused by a thermonuclear explosion on its surface. This typically occurs in a binary star system, where a white dwarf star accumulates material (mostly hydrogen) from a companion star. When enough material builds up, it ignites in a violent fusion reaction, causing the star to temporarily outshine its entire galaxy. This explosion can result in the ejection of material into space, and the star may return to its normal state afterward. 

The nova will initially be visible to the naked eye for just a few days, before it fades from view. However, gamma- and X-ray telescopes will continue to monitor the event for several months, and radio telescopes will track it for years. These long-term observations will provide valuable insights into how the explosion evolves and interacts with the companion red giant star.

 Astronomers will be especially focused on how the outburst decays over time, with any unexpected variations potentially revealing crucial information about how the nova interacts with the companion star's wind.

Despite the explosive nature of the event, the nova is far enough away that it will not pose any threat to Earth, allowing us to simply enjoy this spectacular display in the night sky.

Deep Space Radio Burst Reaches Earth After an 8 Billion-Year Journey

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have detected a mysterious deep space radio burst that traveled across the cosmos for an astonishing 8 billion years before reaching Earth. This extraordinary event sheds light on the vast and enigmatic nature of the universe, offering fresh insight into the phenomena occurring in the distant corners of space.

What is a Fast Radio Burst?

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are high-energy astrophysical phenomena that emit powerful radio waves, typically lasting only a fraction of a second. The origin of these bursts remains one of the most debated mysteries in modern astrophysics. While some FRBs are believed to be caused by neutron stars or black holes, the true source of many of these bursts continues to elude scientists.

First discovered in 2007, FRBs have sparked intense interest because of their intensity and brief duration. These bursts are so powerful that they can outshine the combined radio emissions of all the stars in the Milky Way. To date, only a few dozen FRBs have been detected, with many of them originating in distant galaxies.

The 8 Billion-Year Journey

The recent FRB detection, which reached Earth after traveling 8 billion years through the cosmos, was an incredible find. The burst was first recorded by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) radio telescope in 2020, but its journey to Earth began long before. This specific FRB, named FRB 20200324A, came from a distant galaxy, providing an unprecedented opportunity to study the universe's distant past.

FRBs are thought to be generated by extreme cosmic events, but pinpointing their origin has proven to be a complex task. This particular burst is special because its detection provides a rare glimpse into the distant regions of the universe, offering researchers the chance to investigate the conditions and environments billions of years ago. Understanding how these bursts propagate across such vast distances could offer crucial information about the intergalactic medium and the structure of the universe itself.

A Leap Forward in Astrophysics

The detection of FRB 20200324A is a significant leap forward in the field of astrophysics. Not only does it push the limits of our observational capabilities, but it also opens the door to studying the universe on an even larger scale. By understanding the way radio waves interact with the space between galaxies, scientists can learn more about the matter that fills the vast emptiness of the universe.

The information gathered from this discovery could potentially help us answer some of the most fundamental questions in science: What are the conditions like in distant galaxies? How do extreme cosmic events shape the evolution of the universe? And, could FRBs be used as tools for studying the large-scale structure of the cosmos?

The Importance of Ongoing Research

While the discovery of this deep space radio burst is an exciting step in our understanding of the universe, it's only the beginning. Ongoing research and the continued development of more advanced telescopes will be essential in unlocking the many remaining mysteries of FRBs and other cosmic phenomena. With more observations, scientists hope to develop better models that can predict the behavior of these bursts and possibly identify their origins with greater precision.

Additionally, the study of FRBs could provide new insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy—two of the universe's most elusive and poorly understood components. By analyzing how radio waves interact with the invisible substances that make up much of the universe, we may soon uncover clues about the forces that govern the cosmos on the grandest scales.

Conclusion

The detection of a fast radio burst after an 8 billion-year journey is a remarkable achievement in the field of astrophysics. As we continue to study these enigmatic signals from deep space, we gain invaluable insights into the nature of our universe. With each new discovery, we take another step closer to unraveling the mysteries of space, time, and the fundamental forces that shape o

Starship, Carrying Tesla's Bot, Set for Mars by End-2026: Elon Musk

Elon Musk, the visionary CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, recently made a bold announcement that has sent waves of excitement through the tech world. SpaceX's Starship, the world's most powerful rocket, is set to launch a mission to Mars by the end of 2026, carrying Tesla's humanoid robot, Optimus, on board.

Starship, designed for long-term space travel, is an essential part of Musk's ambitious goal to make humanity a multi-planetary species. In a recent statement, Musk emphasized the importance of getting to Mars sooner rather than later, to begin the process of colonizing the Red Planet. Starship will be key in this mission, offering unprecedented payload capacity, making it possible to carry heavy equipment, supplies, and even humans to Mars.

One of the most exciting components of this mission is the inclusion of Tesla's humanoid robot, Optimus. Tesla has been developing this AI-driven robot with the goal of addressing labor shortages and supporting human workers in various fields. Musk envisions Optimus as an integral part of the Mars colonization effort, where the robot could perform tasks such as building habitats, mining resources, and even assisting astronauts with complex operations on the planet.

The combination of Starship's cutting-edge technology and Optimus's capabilities marks a new frontier in both space exploration and AI development. While the timeline may seem ambitious, Musk's track record of pushing boundaries with companies like Tesla and SpaceX makes his predictions hard to dismiss.

Musk's ultimate vision is clear: to create a sustainable human presence on Mars, ensuring that humanity can thrive beyond Earth. With Starship and Optimus leading the way, the dream of interplanetary colonization might be closer than we think. By the end of 2026, we may witness the first steps of an extraordinary new chapter in space exploration.

Is This Another Earth? A Mysterious Signal from Ross 128 and the Search for Twin Worlds 

Imagine you're standing on a vast mountain range, looking up at the starry sky. You catch sight of a faint flicker in the distance — a strange signal, seemingly emanating from nowhere. It's like someone, far away in space, is trying to communicate, but just as suddenly as it appears, it disappears. This scenario, though highly speculative, is eerily close to an event that occurred in 2017 — and it has captured the imagination of scientists and stargazers alike.

In the spring of that year, astronomers at the AASBO Observatory detected a peculiar and mysterious radio signal originating from the vicinity of the star Ross 128. But here's the catch: just as quickly as it arrived, it vanished. Now, in astronomy, strange signals are not exactly uncommon, but this one was different. What made this discovery so intriguing was not just its fleeting nature, but its coincidental timing with another major breakthrough in the search for life beyond Earth.

Later that same year, astronomers discovered an exoplanet orbiting Ross 128. This planet was rocky, roughly Earth-sized, and located in what is known as the "habitable zone" — a region where conditions might allow liquid water to exist on its surface. The discovery of such an Earth-like world immediately ignited a spark of excitement. Was it a coincidence that just after a strange radio signal was detected, we found a world that could possibly harbor life? Or was this the universe's way of sending us a message, perhaps even a sign of intelligent life nearby?

Let's take a step back and examine the broader picture. Ross 128 is a red dwarf star, located a mere 11 light years from our own solar system. It's not the brightest star in the sky, but it is relatively quiet compared to other stars in our cosmic neighborhood. The planet orbiting Ross 128, known as Ross 128 b, is in many ways a tantalizing candidate for hosting life. It's roughly the same size as Earth and lies in the star's habitable zone, meaning that if conditions are right, it could have liquid water — one of the key ingredients for life as we know it.

But this radio signal — that faint, enigmatic flicker that appeared in 2017 — adds a layer of mystery to an already fascinating discovery. Radio signals are often associated with human-made technologies, but they can also be natural. In fact, they're routinely sent out by planets, stars, and even black holes. However, the type of signal observed near Ross 128 was unlike anything typically seen from natural sources. It had a very regular pattern, one that suggested it might not have originated from any known astronomical phenomena.

So, what do we make of this? The initial hypothesis was that the signal might have come from a satellite or other human-made technology interfering with the observation. But what's curious is that it disappeared — as quickly as it arrived — and then it reappeared, almost as if someone had turned it off, only to switch it back on again after 150 years. This peculiar on-and-off nature raised eyebrows and sparked a flurry of speculation. Could this be evidence of an intelligent civilization reaching out to us? Could it be some kind of cosmic communication, perhaps from an alien species trying to get our attention?

The timing of these events is almost too strange to ignore. Could the signal and the discovery of Ross 128 b be connected? Some scientists are not ruling out the possibility that the signal is, indeed, artificial in origin, perhaps a form of communication from a civilization on Ross 128 b itself. After all, radio signals, when sent intentionally, can travel vast distances through space. The idea that an intelligent species could be using radio waves to communicate with us — or even to broadcast signals for other reasons — is not as far-fetched as it may seem.

However, while this notion is thrilling, it's crucial to remain grounded in scientific skepticism. The evidence linking the mysterious signal to any extraterrestrial intelligence is, as of now, inconclusive. The signal could simply be a natural phenomenon, perhaps something we haven't yet fully understood. After all, space is full of mysteries, and not every strange signal is a beacon from a distant civilization.

But let's not ignore the other tantalizing possibility: that we might indeed be standing at the threshold of a breakthrough discovery. As we continue to study Ross 128 b and other exoplanets in the habitable zone, the question remains — how many more Earth-like worlds are out there waiting to be found? And how many more signals, hidden in the noise of the cosmos, might we eventually detect?

The search for life beyond Earth has never been more exciting. With new advancements in technology and our ever-growing understanding of the universe, the possibility that we might one day receive a definitive message from another world feels closer than ever. Could the mysterious signal from Ross 128 be one small piece of that larger puzzle?

The truth is, we don't know yet. But what we do know is that this discovery — strange radio signals, an Earth-like planet, and a mystery that has yet to be solved — is only the beginning. In the vast expanse of space, the universe may be full of surprises waiting to be uncovered. And maybe, just maybe, we're not alone out here after all.

You know most people today are unaware of our night skies and the wonders they hold due to light pollution. In fact, one-third of humanity can't see the Milky Way! But people still ask questions, and many come to me via this column. This issue I thought I'd share with you some of the things readers have asked me about over the past few months. See how you go with the answers.

What is the difference between the morning and evening star? What many people call the morning or evening star is really the planet Venus. Look for it low in the south-west now at sunset as our 'evening star' but later in the new year it'll be popping up before dawn, thus becoming the 'morning star.' So, the distinction between "morning" and "evening" simply refers to the time at which the planet is visible.

What are shooting stars? "Shooting stars" and "falling stars" are both names that people have used for ages to describe intense streaks of light across the night sky. They aren't stars, they're caused by small bits of rock called meteors burning high in Earth's upper atmosphere. About 19,000 meteors hit the Earth's atmosphere every day.

Why do stars twinkle? It's an illusion. Because stars are so incredibly distant, to our eyes they appear strictly as points in the night sky. Earth's unsteady atmosphere causes starlight to dance around making the familiar "twinkling" effect. That's all.

Why does the Moon look bigger at the horizon? It's also an illusion. Seeing the Moon high in the sky against the vast panorama of outer space it looks small. However, when the Moon is on the horizon surrounded by trees, buildings, or distant landmarks the bright disc of the full Moon appears quite large indeed, and much bigger than we would expect.

Why are Sunsets always red? Well, down low the sun's light comes to our eye through a thicker layer of atmosphere and this filters out all the Sun's colours except the red light.

Hey, what's that ring around the Moon? Have you ever seen it? Well, it isn't really around the Moon, it just looks that way. It's formed when ice crystals in our atmosphere bend the Moon's light into a circle, making that amazing ring effect. It's usually a good sign it's going to rain, and old timers say if you count the number of stars inside the ring that's how many days of rain you'll get! See if I'm wrong next time you spot one.

Does everyone in the world see the same stars? Not everyone has the same set of stars in their back yard. The constellations appear in different positions throughout the seasons, disappearing and reappearing, depending on where you live in the world.

Where is the darkest place in Australia? We've got some pretty dark skies in this country, and the Warrumbungle National Park, near Coonabarabran in central western NSW is one. Its Australia's first Dark Sky Park and the first in the southern hemisphere.

In one of today's fastest planes how long would it take to reach the nearest star? Well, better prepare a long lunch...a little over 80,000 years!   

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'ASTRO DAVE' RENEKE - A Personal Perspective

I've often been asked what I do, where I've been and what sort of activities I've engaged in throughout my 50 years involvement in astronomy and space. Here is an interview i did with Delving with Des Kennedy on Rhema 99.9 recently. 

David Reneke, a highly regarded Australian amateur astronomer and lecturer with over 50 years of experience, has established himself as a prominent figure in the field of astronomy. With affiliations to leading global astronomical institutions, 

David serves as the Editor for Australia's Astro-Space News Magazine and has previously held key editorial roles with Sky & Space Magazine and Australasian Science magazine. 

His extensive background includes teaching astronomy at the college level, being a featured speaker at astronomy conventions across Australia, and contributing as a science correspondent for both ABC and commercial radio stations. David's weekly radio interviews, reaching around 3 million listeners, cover the latest developments in astronomy and space exploration.

As a media personality, David's presence extends to regional, national, and international TV, with appearances on prominent platforms such as Good Morning America, American MSNBC news, the BBC, and Sky News in Australia. His own radio program has earned him major Australasian awards for outstanding service.

David is recognized for his engaging and unique style of presenting astronomy and space discovery, having entertained and educated large audiences throughout Australia. In addition to his presentations, he produces educational materials for beginners and runs a popular radio program in Hastings, NSW, with a substantial following and multiple awards for his radio presentations.

In 2004, David initiated the 'Astronomy Outreach' program, touring primary and secondary schools in NSW to provide an interactive astronomy and space education experience. Sponsored by Tasco Australia, Austar, and Discovery Science channel, the program donated telescopes and grants to schools during a special tour in 2009, contributing to the promotion of astronomy education in Australia. BELOW Is the recorded interview  

'Astro Dave' Is Radio-Active 

Heard On DOZENS Of Stations Weekly - CLICK for past interviews